No hostspecific insects were recorded on the invasive species. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Leaf blades strongly clasp the stem, prominent lightcoloured hairs at the base. Pdf leaf anatomical characterization of hymenachne. Catchments that are free of hymenachne should be protected from infestation. First noted in botanical works for florida in 1968 ward. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants. Hymenachne is from the greek hymen meaning membrane and achne meaning chaff, glume, scale and amplexicaulis is from latin, literally embracing the. This page was last edited on 14 september 2017, at 20. The leaf anatomy of 32 ecotypes of azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees pasture grass native to mexico was compared to identify valuable forage attributes within the native genetic. This study examines the insect natural enemies of hymenachne amplexicaulis, an aquatic grass of tropical american origin, in its invasive range in australia, and the cooccurring native congener, hymenachne acutigluma.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis poaceae hear species info. Hymenachne is a genus of swamp grasses similar to sacciolepis, and both are segregates from the large genus panicum. Hymenachne can withstand prolonged 40 weeks flooding by growing above floodwaters. Wearne and others published the biology of australian weeds 56.
It is known in australia as olive hymenachne, or simply as hymenachne, the latter risking confusion with a native species hymenachne acutigluma gilliland 2 wearne et al. Hymenachne has been recognised as a weed of national significance. Stems floating, creeping, or ascending to 1 m 3 ft or more in height, sparingly branched, rooting at the lower. The plant is sometimes harvsted from the wild for local use as a wick. Grows on dry land and floats in water, stems erect or spreading. Wilson hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis. Olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis it has long leaves 100 450mm and the leaf base may be up to 30mm wide and covered with long hairs. The leaf blade is heartshaped at its base where it clasps around the stem this is a key characteristic of this species. However, these two species can be distinguished by the following differences. Impact assessment hymenachne, olive hymenachne hymenachne. One insect species of 6 17% on the native grass appears to be host specific at the species level. Azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage genetic.
Hymenachne is a robust, rhizomatous, perennial grass flowers heads are spikelike, cylindrical, 2040 cm long hymenachne is capable of growing in permanent wetlands commonly known as olive hymenachne or olive. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees the plant list. Historically, very few grasses have been targeted for biological control, because they may lack hostspecific insect herbivores. Hymenachne belongs to the family poaceae and was first characterised by rudge in 1805 as panicum amplexicaule hill 1996. Hymenachne is declared as a class 2 species under the hymenachne has been classi. Geographic differentiation is appropriate for this species because further.
Crude protein levels in whole tops varies from 921 rarely to 30% at different times of year, with leaf levels up to 25% and stem 9%. Big flatsfloodplain marsh along the myakka river dominated by west. While i noticed some large patches last year, this year its everywhere. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, a native of south and central america, is distinct from hymenachne acutigluma steudel gilliland, a native of northern australian flood plains calder 1981. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, native to central and south america, is an aggressive weed in aquatic ecosystems in australia, and was introduced as a pasture plant in the 1970s. It must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment. Clasping milkweed asclepias amplexicaulis is a species of milkweed plant. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne department of agriculture. During 2002 and 2003, the graduate college for agricultural sciences cp and the mexican institute for forestry, agriculture and animal production research inifap organized an expedition to collect the genetic diversity of this species. Amplexicaul definition of amplexicaul by the free dictionary. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 419660 with original publication details. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis weed management guide hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis weed controlcontacts state territory nsw nt qld wa australia wide department nsw agriculture dept of infrastructure, planning and environment dept of natural resources and mines dept of agriculture.
Azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage. It is native to the west indies and blooms in the fall wunderlin, 2003. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis current potential hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne spreads by both seeds and vegetation and quickly takes over wetlands. Azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in south and central america with 2n 2x 24 chromosomes.
Sep 29, 2006 azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in south and central america with 2n 2x 24 chromosomes. Hymenachne amplexicaulis is occasionally found growing in wet pastures from the central peninsula to collier county. Hymenachne is a genus of widespread wetlands plants that is in the grass family. Restricted matter category hymenachne amplexicaulis olive. The agriculture victoria website has information about the noxious weed classification of this species. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, the americas, and the pacific islands. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees poaceae gramineae.
The culms of sacciolepis are hollow, but in hymenachne they are filled with aerenchyma. Pdf azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c 3 grass native to tropical flooded areas. This document is eny693, one of a series of the entomology and nematology department, ufifas extension. It has escaped from cultivation as a ponded pasture grass in recent years and now seriously threatens the wetlands of northern.
A top down approach is the most effective way to maintain weed free areas. Hymenachne amplexicaulis information from itis the integrated taxonomic information system itis provides authoritative taxonomic information on hymenachne amplexicaulis, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of north america and the world. West indies, tropical central and south america botanical description. Hymenachne amplexicaulis west indian marsh grass this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Biology, host specificity, and impact of ischnodemus. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus hymenachne family poaceae. A robust, upright perennial aquatic grass 12 metres with distinctive stem clasping leaves.
Azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage genetic resources for floodplains in tropical mexico article pdf available in genetic resources and crop evolution 537. Impact assessment hymenachne, olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis in victoria nox back table feedback assessment of plant invasiveness is done by evaluating biological and ecological characteristics such as germination requirements, growth rate, competitive ability, reproduction methods and dispersal mechanisms. It is also known as bluntleaved milkweed and sand milkweed. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis legal requirements hymenachne is a category 3 restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license.
Pdf azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage. The act requires everyone to take all reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risks associated with invasive plants and animals under their control. Management zones should reflect the habitat preferences and dispersal mechanisms of the species being targeted and the spatial patterns of the invaded region. Consequently, it is found mainly in lowlying areas along the edges of permanent water. Ongoing projects are underway in upper cattle creek, palm creek and tyto wetlands reserve. The asterisk indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation. Native communities remain especially common along the pacific and atlantic coastal zones of the neotropics at low elevations up to 500 m above sea level. Read geographic differentiation of management objectives for invasive species. It is now one of the 20 species listed as weeds of nationals ignificance. About eight species of the genus hymenachne are generally distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. Rapid response to the discovery of olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees on rinyirru lakefield national park. Asclepias amplexicaulis simple english wikipedia, the. Control hymenachne impacts on overall property management and the control of hymenachne should be integrated in the overall property management plan.
Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis weed management guide pdf 466 kbabout the guide. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, also known as west indian marsh grass in the us, olive hymenachne in australia, and hereafter referred to as hymenachne, is new world species in the genus hymenachne. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis may be confused with the closely related native species hymenachne acutigluma. The subsoil must remain moist during the dry season, as hymenachne can only withstand short periods of drought. Charleston k 2006 hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis control methods and case studies, queensland department of natural resources, mines and water.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis, also known as west indian marsh grass in the us, olive. To assess whether this insect could be considered as a specialist. Natural enemies of invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, a grass native to the west indies, is by far the dominant grass to be seen in the marshes at the park bridge at this time. Unlike most tropical grasses, hymenachne employs the c3 photosynthetic pathway, which usually results in lower lignin content of the herbage. Field surveys in the native range indicated that i. West indian marsh grass hymenachne amplexicaulis1 rodrigo diaz, william a. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. This page was last edited on 16 december 2019, at 08. This species is found in prairies and open woodlands, usually in sandy soil. The upper part of the leaf is narrower and without hairs. Stems floating, creeping, or ascending to 1 m 3 ft or more in height, spar.
Solar for small to medium business, interest free loans for solar and storage, regional electricity support packages. Hymenachne stems distinctive in containing white pith most grass stems are hollow pohl and lersten 1975. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis is an invasive plant in queensland. Hymenachne amplexicaulis is a perennial, evergreen grass with robust, decumbent stems 200 350cm long that root and form new growth at the lower nodes. It is a weed of savannas, ponds with predominantly mucky soils, ditches, canal banks and sandy depressional areas hill 1996. Research highlights fourteen insects were recorded on invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and six on native hymenachne acutigluma in australia. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis is a weed of national significance and is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, economic and environmental impacts. Hymenachne amplexicaulis wikispecies, free species directory. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis is a semiaquatic. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis has been cultivated in ponded pastures in. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above.
Plants profile for hymenachne amplexicaulis west indian. Clasping the stem, as the bases of certain leaves do. This approach is exemplified using the case of the invasive wetland grass hymenachne amplexicaulis in australia. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Hill introduction hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, is a robust, rhizomatous perennial grass, spreading on moist soil or floating in water. It can be grown for pasture in natural or artificially inundated pondage areas. Very few catchments in hinchinbrook shire are free of hymenachne. Geographic differentiation of management objectives for. Azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c 3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in south and central america with 2n 2x 24 chromosomes. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis.
The following table provides information on the impact of hymenachne, olive hymenachne a more detailed description of the methodology of the victorian weed risk assessment wra method can be viewed below. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees find, read and cite all the research you need on. Dal grass hymenachne amplexicaulis important information. Natural enemies of invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and its. Many upper tributaries and other sections of streams may be less susceptible. Control is difficult and costly, and is mainly achieved using repeated doses of. Tropical and subtropical regions on dry land or floating in water up to one metre deep kowari editorial committee 1991.
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